WASHINGTON (CNN) -- Former FBI Director James Comey will have the nation captivated next Thursday when he testifies before a Senate panel about the stunning accusations that President Donald Trump pressured him to end his investigation into his former national security adviser's ties to Russia.
But can Trump stop Comey from talking?
White House counselor Kellyanne Conaway said Friday that "the President will make that decision," raising the prospect that the White House may try to invoke executive privilege over Comey's conversations with Trump.
Legal experts, however, are skeptical the President could successfully invoke the privilege to muzzle Comey because Trump has already written a letter about their conversations, talked about them publicly and even tweeted about them.
In other words, the President can't use the privilege as a sword in one context and a shield in another.
What is executive privilege?
The concept of executive privilege stems from idea that the President must be able to enjoy frank communications with Cabinet members and advisers. Dating back to 1974 in US v. Nixon, the US Supreme Court recognized the "President and those who assist him must be free to explore alternatives in the process of shaping policies and making decisions and to do so in a way many would be unwilling to express except privately."
But the privilege isn't "absolute" and the court has said it has limits -- indeed, it can be overcome upon a proper showing of need for the evidence at issue in a criminal trial or grand jury proceedings, and the DC Circuit has held that the "privilege disappears altogether when there is any reason to believe government misconduct occurred."
If Comey were still the FBI director, the President could presumably simply order him not to testify, but he's now a private citizen, complicating Trump's ability to restrict his testimony.
Experts say if the White House is determined to shut down Comey, lawyers could escalate the issue to a federal district court and try to obtain a court order blocking him from testifying, but such a move would be unprecedented and not a guaranteed recipe for success.
Has the privilege been waived?
The problem for Trump trying to quiet Comey is the fact that he's already opened the door to their conversations -- arguably waiving a claim of executive privilege.
The President has written about three separate conversations he had with Comey about whether he was under investigation, he further elaborated on those conversations in a televised interview with NBC, and he tweeted about them.
Harvard Law Professor Noah Feldman doubts Trump has the strongest argument in light of these facts, but it will likely depend on the scope of the assertion.
"The claim of executive privilege requires that the communications in question be confidential. Arguably, Trump has himself breached that confidentiality. It would be strange if he could then invoke privilege to block Comey from giving his version of events," Feldman told Bloomberg. "The exception would be any conversations that haven't yet been made public, by Comey or by Trump, assuming such conversations exist. If they do, they might well still be protected by the privilege."
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